As we approach the 22nd anniversary of Jim Henson's death, it's interesting to look back upon his fascinating career, the characters and franchises he built, and the ways in which his creations have evolved since his passing.
It's over 50 years since Kermit the Frog first made his appearance on Sam and Friends - Henson's first foray into televised puppetry - and it's incredible to see that the fuzzy amphibian remains in the public eye, continuing his creator's mission to entertain as wide an audience as possible. Indeed, the recent big-screen outing for the Muppets has proved the franchise's most successful to date, having taken box office receipts of over $100 million. It's reassuring that the work of such a well-loved and benevolent dreamer has proved to be so enduring, but the journey of Henson and the Muppets has not been entirely smooth. Encountering rejection and abandonment, Kermit and co. have experienced hardship as well as adoration from their initial conception, through the demise of their inventor, to their recent return to the spotlight.
It all began in the fifties, with the success of
Sam and Friends, a regular five-minute TV segment that secured Henson's reputation as an incredibly inventive puppeteer and led to a prosperous career in
advertising as well as guest spots on variety shows. During this period Henson met writer Jerry Juhl and aspiring puppeteer Frank Oz. The latter would become one of Henson's closest friends and collaborators, performing the Bert to Jim's Ernie and the Miss Piggy to his Kermit.
With Juhl and Oz on his team, Henson's first major break came in the form of an experimental children's TV show entitled
Sesame Street. Through Henson's involvement, the likes of Bert and Ernie, Big Bird, Oscar the Grouch and the Cookie Monster became household names. Henson's technical skill as a puppeteer was clear from the start but what gradually shone through was his ability to
engage with his audience. The warmth and softness with which he performed his characters delighted children and
Sesame Street continues to be enjoyed to this day, its popularity showing no signs of deteriorating.
However, not content with this single achievement, Henson harboured the ambition to create an all-puppet comedy series that could be enjoyed by viewers of all ages. But despite the success of
Sesame Street and Henson's overall renown,
The Muppet Show was considered to risky a venture by television executives and the pitch was rejected by every major network in America. At a loss, Henson finally set his sites on the UK and was ultimately invited by ITV mogul Lew Grade to create the
Muppet Show in Britain. This unique creation saw Henson truly find his voice (figuratively and literally) in the show's host, an old bit-character from
Sam and Friends named Kermit the Frog, who instantly gained the adoration of viewers around the world. Possibly the key to Kermit's appeal was the extent to which he reflected the persona of his operator. Like Jim, Kermit was a kind, patient and eternally-optimistic character who managed to find success and happiness in a world of louder, wilder types.
Along with Kermit,
The Muppet Show introduced such acts as stand-up comedian Fozzie Bear, daredevil stuntman Gonzo the Great and culinary maestro Swedish Chef. With its endearing and lovingly-performed characters, full-length musical numbers, surreal sketches and off-the-wall sense of humour, the show achieved astronomical popularity. With guest stars queuing up to appear alongside the Muppets and an ever-expanding fanbase, it appeared that Henson had finally reached his audience and the show was renewed for five seasons and nominated for 21 Emmy Awards.
Yet Henson continued to aim higher, planning evermore elaborate and exciting projects for his puppet creations. In 1979, Henson's Muppets made their first transition to the big screen with The Muppet Movie, which explored the backgrounds of the characters and their journey to stardom. The feature was a triumph with critics and audiences alike and Kermit's song "Rainbow Connection" - a melody now closely associated with the legacy and personality of Henson - was nominated for an Academy Award. Two more Muppet features followed while Henson, along with Oz, also wrote and directed The Dark Crystal (1982), a dark fantasy very much removed from the Muppets, proving the limitless nature of Henson's imagination and talents. However, the poorly-received Labyrinth (1986) had a bitter impact (though it would later become a cult favourite). The muted reception to this project was a minor blemish on Henson's otherwise sensational body of work, but the disappointment it caused him led him to move abroad for a brief period to absorb and overcome his sense of failure, demonstrating his introverted nature and intense personal dedication to his craft.
Despite this minor setback, Henson enjoyed renewed success with projects such as Fraggle Rock, The Storyteller and the unusual family sitcom Dinosaurs. Henson himself continued to appear on talk shows - often with Kermit by his shoulder - and his gentle, kindly persona would always be distinctly conveyed. However, in May 1990, Henson began to complain of sickness and fatigue. Maintaining that he would get better, he remained at home with his wife - from whom he was by then separated - until he began to cough up blood and experienced difficulty breathing. Within hours, he had descended into cardiac arrest and on the morning of May 16th 1990, it was announced that Jim Henson had died at the age of 53.
As the ultimate dreamer; a quiet man and gentle soul who nevertheless achieved great success and captured the imaginations and hearts of millions, it seemed implausible that he could leave the world in so sudden and cruel a manner. With no prior indication of his creativity and popularity abating, his loyal team and his beloved Muppet creations were all at once left sadly suspended, their futures uncertain. After all, how could a franchise that so utterly encapsulated the soul and voice of its creator possibly continue after the death of the man himself? After an emotional yet
colourful funeral service, Henson's fellow puppeteers, despite their overwhelming grief, gave the world an answer by delivering a televised performance that saw the Muppet characters
pay tribute to their creator. The performance concluded with Henson's alter-ego Kermit the Frog reclaiming centre stage (now voiced by veteran muppeteer Steve Whitmire) to assure his fans that the Muppets would return because "that's the way the boss would want it."
While this may have brought comfort to Henson's audience, Kermit's promise ultimately appeared somewhat unattainable. Though the Dickensian A Muppets Christmas Carol (1992) proved an eduringly charming festive tale, The Muppets Treasure Island (1996) appeared somewhat lacklustre while Muppets From Space (1999) forced Henson's furry friends to endure their first taste of public disinterest. Without their master at the helm, the Muppet team missed their mark and the characters, now under the Disney banner, were hastily shelved, going on to occasionally reappear for a few painfully low-quality small-screen productions such as The Muppets Wizard of Oz and A Very Merry Muppet Christmas. While Henson's Creature Shop continued to apply the legendary puppeteer's skills to major productions, his beloved Muppets, whom carried the heart and soul of the man, seemed destined for the scrapheap of history.
This sad fate appeared to be final until 2008, when their salvation appeared in the unlikely form of Jason Segal, a comic actor famed for his work with Judd Apatow and for his role on sitcom How I Met Your Mother. A lifelong fan, Segal developed a script that gained the approval of Disney executives and, with a strong viral marketing campaign and support from major Hollywood players, the Muppets found themselves back in the public embrace. The film, simply titled The Muppets acted as a loveletter to Henson's original creation, with Kermit and the gang reuniting for one last variety show. Though viewed with derision by some of Henson's now retired colleagues (including Oz), Segal's film enjoyed vast critical and commercial success, achieving the greatest profit and strongest reviews of all Muppet movies to date and earning an Academy Award for best original song (the same award Henson's "Rainbow Connection" had been previously nominated for). And with a sequel already secured, it's clear that Henson's greatest creation has a lot of life left in it.
Though the Muppets' current circumstances may not be entirely as Henson would have envisioned, he would surely be pleased to know that his cherished characters could continue to delight new generations so many years after his death. As a man, he continues to be fondly remembered for his kind nature and generosity. As a performer, he has become legendary as a visionary craftsman and unrivalled entertainer. A quiet person who proved that belief, determination and passion can realise the dreams of even the unlikeliest of people, his story is a truly inspirational one and his creations are among the most instantly-recognisable, enduringly-charming and universally beloved in the history of entertainment. The incredible shows and films that modern audiences may have been blessed with had he lived, can only now be envisioned by the dreamers.
May you continue to be fondly remembered Jim, and may your legacy continue to deliver laughter and comfort to the world.
Jim Henson. 1936-1990.